nach oben

Erschienen in:

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Why Will China’s Belt and Road Initiative Bring a Bright Future to the World? An International Lawyer’s Perspective

verfasst von : Ran Guo

Erschienen in: Revolutionary Approach to International Law

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The BRI has made substantial contributions to the world economy and the realization of goals of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Because of its unique features: it is a regional economic cooperation initiative for global development and the elimination of poverty; it abides by the principles of the rule of law and democracy; it resorts to soft laws for the building of confidence and consensus for the future formulation of hard laws; it is open to diversified participants, but confined to economic and cultural cooperation, thus avoiding geopolitical and military confrontation. The non-institutionalized, non-systematic approach is rooted in China’s path to successful economic development during its opening-up period but poses challenges to the sustainable success of the BRI. Therefore, China should make efforts to make systematic construction of the BRI legal and institutional system; strictly limit its scope to economic and cultural cooperation; and institutionalize the cooperation mechanism with a diversified dispute settlement mechanism at its core, so that the BRI will bring a brighter future to the world.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Legal Status of Remote Operator in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) Under International Law: Who Can be a Ship Master?

Nächstes Kapitel The Past, Present, and Future of Investor-State Arbitration in East Asia

Xi (2017).

Ruta (2018); CEBR (2019). The Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the Belt and Road Initiative (22 Apr 2019) The Belt and Road Initiative: Progress, Contributions and Prospects. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/22/c_137998357.htm.

Brawer (2022).

Yu and Wallace (2021).

Larsen (2021) What Does the Belt and Road Initiative Mean for the Future of the International Integration System?. In: Harvard International Law Review. https://hir.harvard.edu/what-does-the-belt-and-road-initiative-mean-for-the-future-of-the-international-integration-system.

Op. cit. 4.

NDRC, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce with the authorization of the State Council, the People’s Republic of China (30 March 2015) The Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. In: Belt and Road Portal. https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/qwyw/qwfb/1084.htm.

Ibid.

The situation in Afghanistan: Resolution A/RES/71/9 adopted by the General Assembly. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N16/391/27/PDF/N1639127.pdf?OpenElement; Resolution 2274 (2016) adopted by the Security Council at its 7645th meeting, on 15 March 2016. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/823166.

Liu (2020).

Op. cit. 3.

Op. cit. 5.

Panda (2016).

Swaine (2018).

Op. cit. 4.

The White House (2022).

Op. cit. 5.

Op. cit. 10.

Liu (2022).

Op. cit. 5.

Op. cit. 7, at II (Principles).

He (2017).

The SPC of China (2015a, b).

Op. cit. 7, at V (Cooperation Mechanisms).

Op. cit. 19.

On March 17, 2017, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2344, calling on the international community to strengthen regional economic cooperation through regional development initiatives such as the BRI. See also Ufa Declaration by the Heads of Member States of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (10 Jul 2015). http://eng.sectsco.org/load/200119.

Wang (2022a, b).

Zou (2022).

Op. cit. 19.

Ikenson (2022).

Op. cit. 19.

Office of the Press Secretary, The White House (16 Nov 2015) FACT SHEET: Advancing the Rebalance to Asia and the Pacific. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/fact-sheet-advancing-rebalance-asia-and-pacific.

Rice (2016).

Op. cit. 19.

In February 2015, China established a leading group for Promoting the BRI, whose office is under the NDRC.

PRC Ministry of Environmental Protection (2017); PRC Ministries of Environmental Protection, Foreign Affairs, Commerce and the NDRC (2017); The NDRC and the State Oceanic Administration of China (2017). For details on policy documents and implementation plans issued by relevant governmental ministries and commissions, see The Belt and Road Portal (Policies and Regulations). https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/info/iList.jsp?cat_id=10062.

Op. cit. 23.

The SPC of China (2015a, 2015b); The SPC of China (2017).

Op. cit. 23.

PRC General Office of the Communist Party Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council (2018).

The SPC of China (2018a).

The SPC of China (2018b).

Model service guidelines for overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, insurance industry, and taxation have been issued by relevant ministries. See, e.g., PRC Ministry of Commerce (2015); State Administration of Taxation (2017).

The Belt and Road Portal has collected the main policy documents on foreign investment in order to provide continuous assistance for Chinese enterprises to ‘go global’. For details, see The Policy Documents on Enterprise’s Foreign Investment [企业对外投资政策文件汇编] (Dec. 28, 2017). http://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/zchj/zcfg/41379.htm.

List of Cooperation Agreements with Countries and International Organizations (15 Aug 2022). https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/xwzx/roll/77298.htm.

NDRC (2016a).

NDRC (2016b); PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2017).

Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation between the EAEU and China (17 May 2018). http://eec.eaeunion.org/ru/act/trade/dotp/sogl_torg/Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx.

Kirton et al (2016).

Op. cit. 7, at V (Cooperation Mechanisms).

Veneziano (2013).

Op. cit. 19.

Martin (2022).

Op. cit.19.

FACT SHEET: President Biden and G7 Leaders Launch Build Back Better World (B3W) Partnership (12 Jun 2021). The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/12/fact-sheet-president-biden-and-g7-leaders-launch-build-back-better-world-b3w-partnership.

Op. cit. 7.

Op. cit. 55.

Article 55 of the UN Charter recognizes the importance of promoting “conditions of economic progress and development” and “solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems” and all Members of the UN pledged themselves through Article 56 “to take joint and separate action” in cooperation with the UN “for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.”

Article 4(2) of the DRTD; Subedi SP (4 Dec 1986) Declaration on the Right to Development. https://legal.un.org/avl/ha/drd/drd.html.

“Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (A/RES/70/1). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015.

Op. cit. 7.

GT staff reporters (18 Aug 2022) China–Europe Railway Express stabilizes global industry chains, reaching 24 European countries after 9 years of operation. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202208/1273301.shtml.

Intergovernmental Agreement of the SCO Member States on the Facilitation of International Road Transport (12 Sep 2014). http://eng.sectsco.org/load/207681; Intergovernmental Agreement on International Road Transport along the Asian Highway Network (8 Dec 2016). https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Intergovernmental-Agreement-on-International-Road-Transport-along-the-Asian-Highway-Network-English-language.pdf.

Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the BRI (2017).

Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the BRI (2019).

Ibid.

Op. cit. 64.

Ibid.

Xinhua (2018); Staff reporter (12 Dec 2018) Outlook positive as Hambantota Port grows with opportunities for Sri Lankans. Xinhuanet. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/24/c_138655160.htm; Staff reporter (16 Apr 2017) Malacca, China's gateway to S-E Asia. Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malacca-chinas-gateway-to-s-e-asia; Staff reporter (8 Nov 2018) China, Myanmar sign port deal after years of negotiations. Global Times. http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1126664.shtml.

Op. cit. 13.

US Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific (1 May 2021). Whitehouse Archives. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IPS-Final-Declass.pdf.

Weltman (2022).

Op. cit. 13.

Op. cit. 14.

Op. cit. 5.

PRC Ministries of Agriculture, Commerce, Foreign Affairs and the NDRC (2017).

Ibid.

Kembayev (2016a, b).

Kembayev (2014).

For details on “Central Asia plus Japan” Dialogue, see Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2022) “Central Asia plus Japan” Dialogue. https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/dialogue/index.html. Accessed 15 Sept 2022.

Jaipragas (2017).

Staff reporter (27 Oct 2014) India, Vietnam to Sign Deal for Oil Exploration in South China Sea Despite Protest by China. DNA India. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-vietnam-to-sign-deal-foroil-exploration-in-south-china-sea-despite-protest-by-china-2029677.

Xu (2018).

Staff reporter (5 Jul 2017) China-Russia Joint Declaration of Further Deepening the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Coordination [中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于进一步深化全面战略协作伙伴关系的联合声明]. Xinhuanet. http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2017-07/05/c_1121263941.htm.

PRC Ministry of Commerce (2018).

Guo (2013, 2017).

Ibid. at 978.

Clinton (2012). This position was reaffirmed by the Trump administration at the 6th US-ASEAN Summit and the 33rd East Asia Summit. See Murphy (2018).

Naughton (2015). See also Kuo (2018).

Guluzian (2017).

Yang (2016).

Zhang (2015).

Supra note 92.

Li (2017).

Wang (2018).

Op. cit. 7.

Op. cit. 7, Preface.

Zeng (2016).

100

Op. cit. 7, V (Cooperation Mechanisms).

Op. cit. 22.

Li (2016).

Yang (2017).

Kembayev (2016a, b); Op. cit. 79.

Op. cit. 99, at 539.

Op. cit. 91, at 135.

Op. cit. 4.

Op. cit. 22, at 7.

A thought experiment is a device with which one performs an intentional, structured process of intellectual deliberation in order to speculate, within a specifiable problem domain, about potential consequents (or antecedents) for a designated antecedent (or consequent). See Yeates (2004).

Op. cit. 22, at 5.

Op. cit. 99, at 527.

Liu (2017).

Wu (2017); Zhang and Zhang (2017).

114

Op. cit. 79, at 691.

115

Op. cit. 104, at 168.

116

Op. cit. 104, at 183.

117

Geddie (2018); Erickson (2018).

118

Op. cit. 95.

119

Zhang (2018).

120

International lawyers have suggested that China and other BRI countries should negotiate and conclude “a comprehensive regional or multilateral BRI agreement” or establish “the Silk Road Union.” See Op. cit. 99, at 532; Op. cit. 79.

Op. cit. 99, at 541.

Op. cit. 102, at 16.

Hofman (2015).

Op. cit. 22, at 4.

Mushkat (2011).

Xiao (2015).

Op. cit. 102, at 13.

Op. cit. 22, at 3.

Op. cit. 103.

Op. cit. 79, at 692.

Op. cit. 95.

Xi (2017a).

The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (16 May 2017) List of Deliverables of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-05/16/content_29359377.htm.

134

The 2018 Beijing Summit of the FOCAC adopted the Beijing Declaration-Toward an Even Stronger China-Africa Community with a Shared Future and the FOCAC Beijing Action Plan (2019–2021) on September 4, 2018. See Beijing Declaration, Action Plan Adopted at FOCAC Summit (5 Sep 2018). Belt and Road Portal. https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/qwyw/rdxw/65061.htm.

135

Op. cit. 92.

136

The Trade Facilitation Agreement entered into force on February 22, 2017. See Ratifications List. http://www.tfafacility.org/ratifications.

137

Op. cit. 92.

138

Op. cit. 102, at 11.

139

Khan and Khalid (2018).

140

Chaudhury (2017); Op. cit. 139, at 247.

141

Op. cit. 139, at 248–249.

142

Op. cit. 139, at 252.

143

The BRI may become one of the cornerstones of Asian economic growth and integration, and eventually a closer political and security cooperation framework among states. However, the pathway to this scenario is long and fraught with obstacles. See generally Ghiasy and Zhou (2017).

144

UN Charter arts. 1, 24–26 & 39–51.

145

Op. cit. 102, at 17.

146

Op. cit. 99, at p.538.

147

Op. cit. 119.

148

Op. cit. 132.

149

For details on China’s non-alignment policy, see Wang (2012).

150

China has concluded 19 FTAs with 26 countries and regions by August 2022. See Wang (2022).

151

Op. cit. 92.

152

UNCTAD China-Bilateral Investment Treaties. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/42/china; Deng and Zhang (2016).

Ibid; Huang (2016).

Op. cit. 92.

Op. cit. 126.

By 25 December 2018, China had signed 121 treaties on mutual judicial assistance in criminal, civil and commercial matters and extradition. See PRC Ministry of Justice (25 Dec 2018) China’s Treaties on Judicial Assistance and Extradition. http://www.moj.gov.cn/pub/sfbgw/flfggz/flfggzflty/fltymsssfxzty.

Op. cit. 23.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Op. cit. 41, arts. 2–3.

162

Op. cit. 117.

163

Op. cit. 102, at 12.

164

US Department of State (2009–2017) US Support for the New Silk Road. https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/sca/ci/af/newsilkroad/index.htm.

165

Chandran (2017).

166

Central Asia-South Asia (CASA-1000) Electricity Transmission Project. https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/casa-1000-electricity-transmission.

Kertscher (2021).

Galace (2016).

Op. cit. 14.

(8 Nov 2021) US plans January rollout of projects to counter China’s Belt and Road Initiative, official says. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/09/us-project-aims-to-counter-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-official.html.

Op. cit. 5.

Op. cit. 5.

Op. cit. 3.

Op. cit. 91, at 138.

Arase (2015).

Op. cit. 99, at 540.

Arase D (2015) China’s two silk roads: implications for Southeast Asia. ISEAS Perspect 2:4

Brawer S (2022) BRI: a pathway to a bright future for mankind. People’s Daily. http://en.people.cn/n3/2022/0712/c90000-10121803.html

CEBR (2019) Belt and road initiative to boost world GDP by over $7 trillion per annum by 2040. https://cebr.com/reports/belt-and-road-initiative-to-boost-world-gdp-by-over-7-trillion-per-annum-by-2040

Chandran AR (2017) Why Afghanistan should join CPEC. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/why-afghanistan-should-join-cpec

Chaudhury D (2017) China wants India in one-belt-one-belt meet: India remains wary. India Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/china-wants-india-in-one-belt-one-road-meet-india-remains-wary/articleshow/56383009.cms

Clinton HR (2012) Press statement on Vietnam's National Day. https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/08/197209.htm

Deng T, Zhang M (2016) The treaty protection of Chinese overseas investment under the BRI [一带一路倡议下中国海外投资的条约保护]. J Cent South Univ [中南大学学报] 22(6):36–45

Erickson A (2018) Malaysia cancels two Big Chinese Projects, Fearing They Will Bankrupt the Country. Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/malaysia-cancels-two-massive-chinese-projects-fearing-they-will-bankrupt-the-country/2018/08/21

Galace UN (2016) In retrospect: assessing Obama’s Asia rebalancing strategy. CIRSS Commentaries (Vol. III, No. 16). https://fsi.gov.ph/in-retrospect-assessing-obamas-asia-rebalancing-strategy

Geddie J (2018) Malaysia renegotiating terms of major belt-and-road rail project: PM Mahathir. Reuters. https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-projects/malaysia-renegotiating-terms-of-major-belt-and-road-rail-project-pm-mahathir-idUKKCN1IR0FM

Ghiasy R, Zhou J (2017) The silk road economic belt: considering security implications and EU-China cooperation prospects. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/The-Silk-Road-Economic-Belt.pdf

Guluzian C (2017) Making inroads: China’s new silk road initiative. Cato J 37(1):145

Guo R (2013) Legal basis of China’s claim over the Huangyan Island. J East Asia Int Law 6(2):531–552CrossRef

Guo R (2017) Sino-Vietnam dispute over hydrocarbon resources exploration in Nansha waters after the South China sea arbitration. Hong Kong Law J 47(3):951–985

He Z (2017) A Chinese plan on international rule of law: a perspective of global governance on one belt one road initiative [国际法治的中国方案:一带一路的全球治理视角]. Pac J [太平洋学报] 25(5):1–12

Hofman B (2015) China one belt one road initiative: what we know thus far. China Go Abroad. http://www.chinagoabroad.com/en/article/china-s-one-belt-one-road-initiative-what-we-know-thus-far

Huang J (2016) Silk road economic belt: can old BITs fulfil China’s new initiative? J World Trade 50(4):733–754CrossRef

Ikenson D (2022) Deglobalization will hurt the US economy and cripple many others. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/danikenson/2022/05/23/deglobalization-will-hurt-the-us-economy-and-cripple-many-others/?sh=1dfd7a33c16e

Jaipragas B (2017) Why is the US calling Asia-Pacific the Indo-Pacific? Donald Trump to “clarify.” South China Morning Post. http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2118806/why-us-calling-asia-pacific-indo-pacific-trump-clarify

Kembayev Z (2016a) Towards a silk road Union. Chin J Int Law 15(3):691

Kembayev Z (2016b) Regional integration in Eurasia: the legal and political framework. Rev Cent East Eur Law 41(2):157–194CrossRef

Kembayev (2014) The emerging Eurasian Union: problems and perspectives. https://static.uni-graz.at/fileadmin/rewi-zentren/Reees/Projekte/Zhenis_Kembayev.pdf

Kertscher T (2021) No, Biden administration is not helping build a pipeline in Afghanistan. Politifact. https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/18/facebook-posts/no-biden-administration-not-helping-build-pipeline

Khan H, Khalid I (2018) New Delhi response to Beijing “BRI” project: a lucid connection with Chinese “String of Pearls.” J Polit Stud 25:243–254

Kirton JJ et al (2016) Making global economic governance effective: hard and soft law intuitions in a crowded world. Routledge, p 3

Kuo M (2018) CPTPP and leadership in the global trade system. Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/cptpp-and-leadership-in-the-global-trade-system.

Larsen F (2021) What does the belt and road initiative mean for the future of the international integration system? Harv Int Law Rev. https://hir.harvard.edu/what-does-the-belt-and-road-initiative-mean-for-the-future-of-the-international-integration-system

Li M (2016) International law and the study on the BRI [国际法与一带一路研究]. Law J [法学杂志] 37(1):16

Li X (2017) Cooperation mechanism of the belt and road: legal defects, challenges and solutions [一带一路的合作机制 : 法律缺陷、复杂挑战与应对策略]. Mon Theory [理论月刊] 421(1):5–9

Liu J (2017) Building fair and reasonable dispute settlement Mechanism of the BRI [构建公正合理的一带一路争端解决机制]. Pac J [太平洋学报] 25(5):16

Liu Z (2020) China’s approach towards great power through international law competition in a New Era [新时代中国在国际法竞争中的大国进路]. Law Rev [法学评论] 223(5):140–153

Liu X (2022) Soft law governance in the construction of the belt and road initiative [论一带一路建设中的软法治理]. Oriental Law [东方法学] 89(5):100–115

Martin E (2022) India Opts out of trade talks with US-Led Indo-Pacific Group. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-09/india-avoids-trade-negotiations-with-us-led-indo-pacific-group?leadSource=uverify%20wall

Murphy P (2018) The United States and ASEAN: Forward Together. https://blogs.state.gov/stories/2018/11/13/en/united-states-and-asean-forward-together

Mushkat R (2011) State reputation and compliance with international law: looking through a Chinese lens. Chin J Int Law 10(4):703–737CrossRef

Naughton B (2015) What Will the TPP Mean for China?. Foreign Policy. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/07/china-tpp-trans-pacific-partnership-obama-us-trade-xi

NDRC (2016a) Guidelines on Construction of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor [建设中蒙俄经济走廊规划纲要]. http://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/wcm.files/upload/CMSydylgw/201702/201702150500007.pdf

NDRC (2016b) The Cooperation Plan on Dovetailing the Silk Road Economic Belt and Nurly Zhol (Bright Road) [中华人民共和国政府和哈萨克斯坦共和国政府关于丝绸之路经济带建设与光明之路新经济政策对接合作规划]. https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/wcm.files/upload/CMSydylgw/201702/201702160515014.pdf

Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the BRI (2019) The Belt and Road Initiative Progress, Contributions and Prospects. https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/wcm.files/upload/CMSydylgw/201904/201904220254037.pdf

Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the BRI (2017) Building the Belt and Road: Concept, Practice and China’s Contribution [共建一带一路带理念、实践与中国的贡献]. http://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/wcm.files/upload/CMSydylyw/201705/201705110537027.pdf

Panda A (2016) How Obama Sees Asia. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/how-obama-sees-asia

PRC Ministries of Agriculture, Commerce, Foreign Affairs and the NDRC (2017) Vision and Action on Jointly Promoting Agricultural Cooperation on the Belt and Road [共同推进一带一路建设农业合作的愿景与行动]. http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zwdt/201705/t20170512_5604724.htm

PRC General Office of the Communist Party Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council (2018) Opinion Concerning the Establishment of the Belt and Road International Commercial Dispute Resolution Mechanism and Institutions. http://cicc.court.gov.cn/html/1/219/208/210/819.html

PRC Ministries of Environmental Protection, Foreign Affairs, Commerce and the NDRC (2017) Guidance on Promoting Green Belt and Road, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China . http://english.mee.gov.cn/Resources/Policies/policies/Frameworkp1/201706/t20170628_416864.shtml

PRC Ministry of Commerce (2015). Notice of the Ministry of Commerce on Issuing the Model Service Guidelines for Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones [境外经贸合作区服务指南范本]. http://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/zchj/zcfg/6063.htm

PRC Ministry of Commerce (2018) China and Russia Sign the Joint Declaration of the Joint Feasible Studies on Completing Eurasian Economic Partnership Agreement. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201806/20180602754961.shtml

PRC Ministry of Environmental Protection (2017) The Belt and Road Ecological and Environmental Cooperation Plan. the Belt and Road Portal. http://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/wcm.files/upload/CMSydylgw/201705/201705140543014.pdf

PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2017) Carry Forward Silk Road Spirit and Write a New Chapter for Cooperation. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1469852.shtml

Rice S (2016) Explaining President Obama’s Rebalance Strategy. U.S. Department of State. https://blogs.state.gov/stories/2016/09/06/explaining-president-obama-s-rebalance-strategy

Ruta M (2018) Belt and Road Initiative. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/belt-and-road-initiative

State Administration of Taxation (2017) Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Further Improving Tax Services for the Construction of the Belt and Road [国家税务总局关于进一步做好税收服务一带一路建设工作的通知]. http://www.chinatax.gov.cn/n810341/n810755/c2584841/content.html

Swaine MD (2018) A Counterproductive Cold War with China. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-03-02/counterproductive-cold-war-china?cid=int-lea&pgtype=%20hpg.

The NDRC and the State Oceanic Administration of China (2017) Vision for Maritime Cooperation under the BRI, The Belt and Road Portal. http://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/wcm.files/upload/CMSydylgw/201706/201706200153032.pdf.

The SPC of China (2018a) Regulations on Several Issues regarding the Establishment of International Commercial Courts [最高人民法院关于设立国际商事法庭若干问题的规定]. http://www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-104602.html

The SPC of China (2018b) Top court sets up international commercial expert. http://english.court.gov.cn/2018-08/27/content_36839651.htm

The SPC of China (2015a) The Several Opinions of the SPC on Providing Judicial Services and Safeguards for the Construction of the Belt and Road by People’s Courts (SPC issuance No. 9). https://english.court.gov.cn/2021-10/23/c_761781.htm

The SPC of China (2015b) Model Cases regarding Providing Judicial Services and Safeguards by the SPC for Construction of the Belt and Road [人民法院为一带一路建设提供司法服务和保障的典型案例]. http://www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-14897.html

The SPC of China (2017) Second Group of Model Cases Involving Construction of the Belt and Road Published by the SPC [第二批涉一带一路建设典型案例]. http://www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-44722.html

The White House (2022) Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf

Veneziano A (2013) The soft law approach to unification of international commercial contract law: future perspectives in light of UNIDRIOT’s experience. Villanova Law Rev 58(4):524

Wang Q (2018) Explanation and construction of ‘one belt one road’ disputes resolution mechanism [一带一路争端解决机制的阐释与构建]. Law Sci Mag [法学杂志] 8:22

Wang L (2022a) Promoting the rule of law on the belt and road initiative: rationale and approaches [法治一带一路的内涵与构建路径]. Chin Rev Int Law [国际法研究] 2:3–20

Wang Y (2012) Should China abandon non-alignment? People’s Daily. http://en.people.cn/102774/8004263.html

Wang W (2022) The quantity and quality of foreign trade and foreign investment signifying higher level of opening up [外贸外资量质齐升　高水平对外开放迈上新台阶]. Information Daily [经济参考报]. http://www.news.cn/fortune/2022b-08/26/c_1128948721.htm

Weltman J (2022) EBRI Q2 2022 results: G7 Competes with China, Euromoney Country Risk. https://www.euromoneycountryrisk.com/article/b1z3pjrft2hgdf/ebri-q2-2022-results-g7-competes-with-china

Wu H (2017) The mode selection of the dispute settlement mechanism for the BRI [一带一路倡议争端解决机制的模式选择与构建]. J Shenzhen Univ [深圳大学学报] 34(5):74–78

Xi J (2017a) Work Together to Build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road-Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. Xinhwanet. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/14/c_136282982.htm

Xi J (2017b) The report delivered at the 19th national congress of the communist party of China. China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/interface/flipboard/1142846/2017-11-06/cd_34188086.html

Xiao Y (2015) The international law for the belt and road and the role of China’s courts [“一带一路”战略需要的国际法及我国法院的作用]. China Trial [中国审判] 121(15):15–16

Xinhua (2018) Gwadar port creates economic magic with Chinese help. China Daily.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/12/WS5be8d62ba310eff303287f6c.html

Xu W (2018) Russia, central Asia accept BRI gainful. China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/23/WS5b7df4cba310add14f3873c6.html

Yang T (2016) International law and the challenges faced by the belt and road [一带一路建设面临的挑战及国际法思考]. J Kashgar Univ [喀什大学学报] 37(4):42–45

Yang Z (2017) Designing the energy community between china and its neighbors: legal fundamentals and achieving approaches [中国与周边能源共同体的构建: 法律基础与实现路径]. Wuhan Univ Int Law Rev [武大国际法评论] 1(5):27–37

Yeates L (2004) Thought experimentation: a cognitive approach (graduate diploma in arts dissertation, University of New South Wales), at p. 150. https://archive.org/details/TECA2004/mode/2up

Yu J, Wallace J (2021) What is China’s belt and road initiative (BRI)? In: Chatham house. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/09/what-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-bri.

Zeng L (2016) Conceptual Analysis of China’s belt and road initiative: a road towards a regional community of common destiny. Chin J Int Law 15(3):538

Zhang X (2015) legal risk management of overseas investment under the BRI [解读一带一路新形势下境外投资的法律风险管理]. Int Proj Contract & Labour Serv [国际工程与劳务] 1:35–36

Zhang C, Zhang X (2017) Study on international dispute settlement mechanism of belt and road strategy [一带一路战略的国际争端解决机制研究]. Southeast Asian Stud [南洋问题研究] 2:24–34

Zhang Z (2018) The belt and road initiative: China’s new geopolitical strategy? German Institute for International and Security Affairs. https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/projekt_papiere/Zhang_BCAS_2018_BRI_China_7.pdf

Zou Z (2022) Cast aside pseudo-multilateralism. China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202106/21/WS60cfd522a31024ad0baca3c3.html

Titel: Why Will China’s Belt and Road Initiative Bring a Bright Future to the World? An International Lawyer’s Perspective
verfasst von: Ran Guo
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Buch: Revolutionary Approach to International Law
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-7966-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-7967-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7967-5_2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner